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What are the key features of the Russian refining and petrochemical industry? While Russia takes a leading position in gas and oil production, the same cannot be said about the processing and petrochemical industry. Russia holds only 2.5% of the global refined products market. In 2019, roughly only 11% of gas and 50% of oil … Read more
The Spanish Government recently approved Royal Decree 960/2020, of 3 November, which regulates the remunerative framework applicable to renewable energy production facilities (RD 960/2020), which was analysed here. In order to develop and implement RD 960/2020, the Ministry for Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challenge approved Order TED/1161/2020, of 4 December, which regulates the first … Read more
The European Commission has announced this week a proposed revision of the Trans-European Networks for Energy Regulation (the TEN-E Regulation). The revision aims to bring European energy infrastructure in line with the EU’s new climate targets and the European Green Deal. Changes in technology and ambitions have required new infrastructure categories along with changes to … Read more
Background The primary driver behind the revision of the TEN-E Regulation is to align the regulation with the new European Green Deal. The European Green Deal aims to transform the EU into a fair and prosperous society with a modern, resource-efficient and competitive economy. The TEN-E Regulation is seen as a central instrument for the … Read more
Shipping and aviation are key contributors to the UK economy, with estimates being that, before the COVID-19 pandemic, they contributed over £40 billion and £20 billion, respectively each year. They are important sectors in achieving the UK’s net-zero ambition, but decarbonising these industries is a challenging exercise. Emissions from international aviation and shipping are not … Read more
Aiming to drive down the cost of green hydrogen, the Green Hydrogen Catapult initiative launched by the UN on 8 December 2020 sees a coalition of global green hydrogen leaders come together with a target to deploy 25GW of renewables-based hydrogen production over the next six years. The Green Hydrogen Catapult coalition, which includes ACWA … Read more
Point 5 of the Ten Point Plan reveals the ways in which the government proposes to encourage more journeys to be taken by public transport, cycling and/or walking, and how it will decarbonise public transport in the UK. The Ten Point Plan was quickly followed up with the National Infrastructure Strategy on 25 November. Three … Read more
Point 4 of the UK Government’s Ten Point Plan announced that the sale of new petrol and diesel cars and vans in the UK will be banned from 2030, ten years earlier than previously planned. Further, sale of hybrid cars and vans with a significant zero emissions capability (e.g. plug-in and full hybrids) will be … Read more
“Take or pay” and “price review” arrangements are generally agreed for the benefit of both the seller and the buyer, to guarantee a regular income and supply. With market volatility, however, the parties may not agree on their operation or effect. Is a win-win outcome possible when these clauses bite? Rachel Lidgate and James Robson … Read more