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On 23 January 2019, after Nicolas Maduro began his second term as Venezuela’s president, the Venezuelan opposition leader Juan Guaidó proclaimed himself Venezuela’s “acting president” and swore himself as interim president of Venezuela. Following Guaidó’s declaration, more than 50 countries, including the United States, Canada, several EU Member States, and various Latin American countries, recognized … Read more
On February 1, 2021, Mexican President Andrés Manuel Lopez Obrador submitted to Congress an initiative (the “Initiative”) to amend the Electric Power Industry Law. The Initiative appears to be part of the current administration’s plan to reverse the Energy Reform introduced by former president Enrique Peña Nieto in 2013 (“the Energy Reform”) that liberalized the … Read more
Fighting climate change is a particularly relevant goal for Latin America since it is home to half of the planet’s biodiversity and over a quarter of its forests.[1] It therefore does not come as a surprise that all the Latin American and Caribbean countries ratified the Paris Agreement between 2016 and 2018. The Paris Agreement … Read more
On January 11, the US Department of State (“State Department”) re-designated Cuba to the US State Sponsors of Terrorism List (“SST List”) for “repeatedly providing support for acts of international terrorism in granting safe harbor to terrorists.” Notably, the Trump administration announced the decision shortly before the inauguration of President-elect Biden. The decision to re-designate … Read more
On November 30, OFAC designated China National Electronics Import and Export Corporation (“CEIEC”) to its Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons list (“SDN List”). The OFAC press release is available here. CEIEC is a Chinese state-owned technology corporation. According to its website, CEIEC claims that it is a “close partner of many foreign government[s], military and security … Read more
On November 17, OFAC issued General License 8G, Authorizing Transactions Involving Petróleos de Venezuela, S.A. (“PdVSA”) Necessary for the Limited Maintenance of Essential Operations in Venezuela or the Wind Down of Operations in Venezuela for Certain Entities (“GL 8G.”). GL 8G, like its predecessor General License No. 8F (“GL 8F”), authorizes several US energy companies to engage … Read more
Bolivia has become the seventh state to ratify the United Nations Convention on Transparency in Treaty-based Investor-State Arbitration, also known as the “Mauritius Convention”. State parties to the Mauritius Convention commit to greater transparency in investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) proceedings. Specifically, by ratifying the Mauritius Convention, Bolivia consents to extend the application of the UNCITRAL … Read more
On October 6, OFAC issued General License 5E, Authorizing Certain Transactions Related to the Petróleos de Venezuela, S.A. 2020 8.5 Percent Bond on or After January 19, 2021 (“GL-5E”). GL-5E appears intended to protect bondholders of CITGO Holding, Inc. (“Citgo”), which is a wholly owned subsidiary of Venezuela’s state-owned oil and natural gas company, Petróleos … Read more
As the United States continues its “maximum pressure” campaign on the Maduro regime in Venezuela, the US Department of Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”) has added 32 additional individuals, entities, and vessels to the Specially Designated Nationals (“SDN”) and Blocked Person List, from June to September 2020. The campaign is designed to cut … Read more
